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Project method
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PROJECT METHOD The most concrete of all types of activity methods ,Project method provides learning experiences suited to individual differences. Project method of teaching was first propounded by John Dewey through his ideas and views in corporate in the philosophy of pragmatism. The process of education must be centered around some useful or purposeful activities named as projects. We may know a lot about the nature and meaning of the term ‘project ’with the help of the following definitions given by some eminent scholars. J.A STEVENSON(1952:85):”A project is a problematic act carried to completion in its natural settings.” W.H.KILPATRICK(1921):” A project is whole hearted purposeful activity proceeding in a social environment.” BALLARD(1938):” A project is abit of real life that has been imparted into the school.” The definitions like the ones given above may help us to view and understand a project as some spontaneous , interesting, self absorbing, problem
Source method
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THE SOURCE METHOD This is another activity method of teaching social sciences. According to this method, pupils are expected to bulid up historical, political, social, and economic accounts with the help of available sources, such as documents, historical accounts, biographies and inscriptions, coins, travel accounts, literature, etc. They learn how particular items of information can be gathered from such sources. While the use of the source method is advocated, it does not mean that the aim is to convert school children into full fledged historians, social scientists etc. OBJECTIVES OF THE SOURCE METHOD 1. To enable the students to develop critical thinking by using the sources and weighing the device. 2. To enable the students to form their own independent judgment through a critical analysis of sources. 3. To develop skills of collecting data, sifting the relevant data, organizing them and interpreting them. 4. To create proper atmosphere